Dr. Stephen Covey has said more than once that one of his most important early lessons in life was that it is not necessary for people to respond reflexively to environmental events. Instead, we have freedom and power - to choose not to respond or to decide on a plan from a variety of alternatives. And this choice does not depend on the most immediate and certain consequence.
This challenges the teaching of many behavior-based safety (BBS) consultants. Their ABC model (for antecedent-behavior-consequence) is often taught as if behavior is "triggered by antecedent stimuli" and motivated most effectively by "soon, certain, and positive consequences."