The central mission of OSHA is the protection of the nation’s workers and their families. However, work conditions and challenges facing the nation’s work force have not remained static. Since the creation of OSHA in 1970, the nation has experienced major developments in technology, information systems, manufacturing processes, and biomedical science. The growth of federal and state agencies has resulted in some instances of competing occupational and environmental safety and health (OESH) roles and requirements. In addition, there is a growing recognition of the importance of management systems and business sustainability models. Global business transactions demand conformance with varying OESH requirements spanning several continents and many cultures. Additionally, expanding litigation builds upon the challenges.