Voting on the bill occurred largely along party lines, with Republicans citing Small Business Administration estimates that regulations cost employers $10,000 per employee each year. However, Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) data shows that employers attributed far more layoffs to sluggish demand than to burdensome regulations.

Although the phrase “job killing regulations” has been used repeatedly to support H.R. 4078 and other measures, critics say the BLS statistics demonstrate that the deregulation bill would have little impact on unemployment.

Bruce Bartlett, an economist who worked under Presidents Ronald Reagan and George H.W. Bush went so far as to call the connection between regulations and unemployment “nonsense.” Bartlett dismissed the idea that cutting regulations will lead to significant job growth. "It's just nonsense. It's just made up," he said.

Advocacy group Public Citizen said the bill would bring to a complete halt the federal regulatory process of issuing safeguards that protect the health and safety of all Americans.

“H.R. 4078 would block rules designed to ensure power plants comply with the Clean Air Act, protect workers from beryllium exposure, make the food supply safer, ensure Iraq and Afghanistan war veterans receive compensation owed to them for extended deployments, track medical devices so patients can be made aware of recalls, establish the rules for bird-hunting season, protect people from another Wall Street meltdown and more,” according to a statement by the group.

The measure has little hope of passing in the Senate.